What happens when parents are overly protective, according to Erikson's theory?

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, when parents are overly protective, it can inhibit a child's ability to explore their environment and develop autonomy. This excessive protection can lead to a situation where children rely heavily on their parents for decision-making and may struggle to develop independence.

In the context of Erikson's stages, particularly during the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt, children need the opportunity to make choices and assert themselves. When they are not allowed to do so due to protective parenting, they may internalize feelings of inadequacy or shame, leading to increased dependence on their caregivers. This can hinder their emotional and social development, as they might not learn how to manage challenges on their own.

Consequently, the outcome often results in children being overly dependent on others for support and guidance, which aligns directly with the notion that excessive parental control can stifle an individual’s capacity for self-reliance and confidence.