What encompasses an individual’s ideas about who they are and what they can achieve?

The concept that encompasses an individual's ideas about who they are and what they can achieve is best captured by self-concept. Self-concept refers to the overall understanding and perception that one has of themselves, which includes beliefs about their identity, abilities, and potential. This encompasses not only the personal attributes and qualities that a person identifies with but also their thoughts about their limitations and capabilities.

The "real self" generally refers to how one currently is, including their genuine feelings, behaviors, and actual experiences. It may overlap with self-concept, but it does not fully capture the broader ideas of aspirations and self-perception. The "ideal self," on the other hand, represents the qualities and achievements one desires to possess, serving more as a motivational target rather than the comprehensive understanding of oneself. Similarly, "personal goals" are specific objectives one sets for the future, but they do not fully integrate one's identity or broader self-concept.

Thus, self-concept is the most comprehensive term that reflects an individual's sense of identity and understanding of their potential.