What does "autonomy" refer to in developmental psychology?

In developmental psychology, "autonomy" refers to independence of thought, which is a crucial aspect of personal development. This concept emphasizes an individual’s ability to make choices and govern themselves without excessive reliance on others. Autonomy is essential for fostering self-esteem and a sense of competence as individuals learn to navigate their environments and relationships on their own.

Individuals who develop a strong sense of autonomy are better equipped to express their opinions, make decisions, and take responsibility for their actions. This development typically occurs during adolescence as individuals begin to assert their independence while balancing the need for connection to family and peers. In contrast to concepts like dependence on others or reliance on parental guidance, which focus on external support, autonomy highlights the individual's internal capacity for self-direction and personal agency.